CHAPTER: A PERIOD OF TRANSITION
keywords
* Reformation-- It was a religious movement aimed at purifying Christian religion and ending corrupt practices in the church.
* Renaissance -- Rebirth or Revival of the learning of ancient Greece and Rome .
* Industrial revolution- Rise of factory system around 1750 resulting in mass production of goods, first of all in England.
* Imperialism -- The phenomenon of one country completely subjugating another country politically socially and economically, in the late 18th and 19th century.
Answer the following questions:-
1.How did Renaissance ,reformation and the new geographical discoveries lead to the Modern Age?
Ans- The number of interrelated developments took place in this period which led the foundation of the modern world. the disintegration of the feudal systems, a new type of social system begin to emerge in the Europe. Renaissance and Reformation give different new ideas and achievement in literature religions, politics and science field. These ideas and development which marked the beginning of the modern age in Europe.
2.Give reasons why did the Industrial revolutions first begin in England?
Ans- The Industrial Revolution began in England in about 1750.
* In this time new invention came faster in England.
* Through her overseas trade including trade slaves she had accumulated vast profits which provide the necessary capital.
* England had acquired colonies which ensured a regular supply of raw materials.
* After the disappearance of serfdom, people were no longer tied to the land and were free to take to any job they could find.
* England had plenty of Natural Resources such as iron and Coal essential for Industries.
*England have no problem of transportation and shipping industry
3. Discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society economy and polity.
Ans- The industrial revolutions had profound effect on the society economy and polity. It led to rise of capitalism and imperialism. this led to acquisition of colonies in Asia and Africa. many new town and cities rise in Europe. The center of economic life shifted to cities. a large rural population shifted to town and new cities. The crowding of people in towns created many problems like slums ,problems of health and sanitation in the cities.
4. What is imperialism ? Discuss the factors which gave rise to
imperialism.
Ans- The one country completely subjugating and dominating another country politically, socially and economically is called imperialism.The factor are including in rise up it.
*Need of raw materials
*Sold surplus goods
*Modern means of communication and Transportation
*Rise of industrial capitalism
* The populations of Europe increase rapidly.
5. Describe the general impact of imperialism with special reference of South Asia.
Ans- The imperialism led to development of the infrastructure in colonies, although the chief aim was exploitation of colonies. most of country in Asia were turned into colonies of Europe. The racial economic and political system prevalent in South Asia were backward. the end of imperialism turn into these backward areas has led to modernization and rise of nationalism in this countries as a reaction against imperialism.
6. Who was Christopher Columbus?
Ans- Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who discovered of America in 1492. he traveled through the Atlantic and reached Cuba in the southern part of North America.
7. Who was Vasco- da- Gama?
Ans- Vasco- da- Gama was Portuguese Sailor. In 1498 Vasco -da -Gama was discovered a new sea route to India.
8. Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
Ans- Ferdinand Magellan was Portuguese Navigator .He was convinced the world was round.
9. What major inventions occurred during transition period.?
Ans- The major inventions that occurred during transition period are as follows:-
1* James Watt was invented the steam engines in 1769.
2* Hargreaves invented Spinning jenny.
3* Cartwright invented the "power loom" in 1785.
4* Ellie Whitney invented cotton gin.
5* Richard Roberts invented weaving machine.
10. What were the causes for the rise of imperialism ?
Ans- The causes for the rise of imperialism are as follows:-
a. Surplus production
b. Need for raw materials
c. Development of modern means of transportation and communication.
d. Pressure of population
e. Rise of industrial capitalism.
***************THE END***************
No comments:
Post a Comment