Friday, May 29, 2020

ICSE class 9 Geography Solutions

Geography 8th class
**********************
chapter 1*
**************
Geographical Features
**********************
****

Q1----Name the following:-

a) A small scale map showing country of the world-----
A)Political Map

b) The ratio between vertical interval and horizontal equivalent---
A)Gradient

c) Map showing natural and man-made details of a given area with the help of signs.-----
A)Large Scale Map

d) The difference in height between two successive contour lines--- A)Contour Interval

e) A group of settlements which have come up around a temple---
A)Nucleated Settlements

Q2----Answer in brief:--

i) which organisation has developed toposheets of India?
Ans)---Survey of India is the organisation wich develops toposheets of india.

ii) Q*what do contour lines show?
Ans)--- Contour lines are imaginary lines joining places of the same height above sea level. Contour lines are drawn in brown they are drawn in a regular interval they are the two types of brown lines.

iii) Q*what are the different colours used on a toposheet?  what is each colour used for?
Ans)----Different coloure used on toposheet to explain variety of information about physical feature and information represented throughe various coloure.

1* Black colour is used for showen all names ,broken Grounds river banks, dry stream ,surveyed trees, Heights and their numbering , Railway lines , telephone and telegraph Lines,  lines of latitudes and longitudes on map.

2* Red colour is used for Grid lines, and their numbering, roads ,carts tracks, settlements, huts and buildings on map.

3* Yellow colour is used for cultivated land on map.

4* Green colour used for forested area  ,  scattered trees.

5* Blue colour is used for water bodies like Lake, kennels etc.

6* White colour is used for uncultivated land.

7* Brown colour is used for contour lines and their numbering from lines, sand features.

iv)Q*-- what are the features of contour lines?


Ans)--- Lines joining places of the same height above sea level they are drawn in brown colour is called contour lines on map. With the help of contour lines on get an idea of :
------the the height of a place
-------the steepness of slope
------ the shape or form of the relief features at different elevations.

v)--- If you are looking at circular concentric pattern of contour lines, what feature would you be looking at?


Ans)----I would be looking a hill or mountain.

Q3-----Distinguish between:-

i) yellow background and green background on a toposheet----
Ans--Difference between a yellow background and a green background. The difference lies in the colour both the backgrounds attain. The green background attains a green colour and the yellow backgrounds attains a yellow colour. Yellow background refers to all the cultivated areas which are shown in a yellow wash

ii) Temporary settlements and permanent settlements------Examples of temporary settlements are; deep forests, hot and cold deserts, mountains. People living in such temporary settlements practice hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation and transhumance. Permanent Settlement: In these settlements people build homes to live in.

iii) A steep slope and gentle slope-----Contour lines are the line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level. When contour lines are closer to each other, then slope is called steep slope. When contour lines are further apart from each other, then slope is gentle slope.

iv) linear and Nucleated settlements-----Nucleated settlements are ones where the houses are grouped closely together, often around a central feature like a church, pub or village green. ... Linear settlements are settlements where the buildings are constructed in lines, often next to a geographical feature like a lake shore, a river or following a road.

v) index contour and intermediate contour------Such lines are called index contour lines. They are usually labeled with their corresponding elevations. Contour lines (thinner lines) between index contours are called intermediate contour lines. ... The elevation difference or vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines would be 20 meters (100 : 5 = 20

Q4-- what is a cartography?


Ans)---- the study of map making is called cartography. while A person who makes map as a profession is known as the cartographer.

Q5--- define the different types of maps?


Ans)---- Maps are generally of two basic types based on their size and on their content and purpose.
....Based on size there are  two type map small scale maps and large scale maps.
..... based on content and purpose there are three types of map physical map ,maps political maps and
thematic maps

Q6-- what is the contour interval of the toposheet?


Ans)-- The contour interval of the toposheet is 20m.

Q7--- what is a topographical maps?


Ans).... detailed maps of all topographical features both natural and man made is called top of the physical map.

Q8--- what is a gradient?


Ans)--- gradient it refers to the slope of the land .It shows the steepness of the land. It is the ratio between the vertical Heights and the horizontal distance measured along the ground.
         gradient =
vertical interval /horizental


The End


Thursday, May 28, 2020

ICSE Class 9 Computer Solutions

NETWORKING CONCEPTS



QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q1*  What is networking?

Ans)--Network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
 An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all over the world.


Q2*  List some advantage of   
          netwoking?

Ans)--Networking is basic need of today's World.Telivison,phone,internet all are example of networking ,without it we can't imagine life now days.
some advantage of networking...

a)--efficient use of storage media
b)---quickest doucment delivery
c)---efficent document delivery
d)---preserving information 
e)reduceding paper copy &hard copy data


Q3*  Differentiate between LAN &  
          WAN?
Ans)----Two type of network,which are widely used in these day are "LAN" called "local area network" where two or more computer and peripheral devices are connected areas like  office,building and campus.

"WAN"wide area networking...the kind of networking where more computer located far places linked by telecommunication or satellite signals .Telecom system  is best example of WAN network.

Q4*   What do you understand by     
           network security?

Ans)--Networking  security means protecting data and resources from access by unauthorized persons . There are two level of networking security.
a)* login security
b)*Rights security where  you can read only / Read Write Access/ No Access ....data rights provide by sight.

Q5*   Explain client-server network?

Ans)---Clint-Server network is network where several computer called client or workstation are conected to the main computer called server. Server is a main computer that provide service and clint are the computer they requested for services.

Q6*  Define the term...
-a)Wap   -b)Bluetooth   -c) Server  -d)Node   -e)WiFi

WAP------WAP stands for Wireless Access Point is a device that connects wireless communication devices to from a wireless network.

Bluetooth-----Bluetooth is a wireless technology used to interconnect mobile ,phones, computers, printers using short range wireless connection.

Server---A server is a computer that provides services to clients and controls access to hardware, software and other resources.

Node---In networking many computer can communicate with each other independently.Each computer in a network is called a node.

Wi-Fi----- Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity. it represent wireless local area network .It was developed by mobile computer devices .
 

Q7* Define the types of networking?

Ans)----- Different types of networking  used depending on the geographical area covered by a network. These are:-
a)---local Area Network( LAN)
b)----Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
c)----Wide Area Network (WAN)

Q8* what  do you mean by PEER- TO-PEER Network?

Ans)---Peer-to-Peer is a network where a few computer having equal capacity and capabilities are connected together to use the resources available on the network.



*************************THE END*************************

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

ICSE class 9 Biology solutions

Cell the unit of life


 short answer type questions

1. It is said that the Protoplasm cannot be analysed chemically.

Ans - It cannot be analysed chemically because the chemical composition of Protoplasm is very complex and it ceases to be Protoplasm as soon as it is removed from an organism.

2. What is the difference between organ and organelle?

Ans- Several tissues  contributing to some specific function inside the body  considered an Organ where is the living structures present in the cytoplasm which perform a specific function is called cell Organelle.

3. Do you think that the cells of an elephant would be larger than the cells of a rat. why?

Ans- Larger organisms do not have large cells but they have greater number of cells .Small organisms have less number of cells.

4. Differentiate between the following

(a)  Protoplasm and Cytoplasm.

Ans-
i. Protoplasm is a translucent living substance of a cell whereas Cytoplasm is a viscous semi-transparent Jelly like substance present in the cell.

ii. Protoplasm includes nucleus whereas Cytoplasm excludes nucleus.

(b)  Nucleolus and Nucleus.

Ans-
i. Nucleolus is present in the nucleus whereas Nucleus is an organelle present in the cytoplasm.

ii. Nucleolus helps in protein synthesis whereas Nucleus controls the transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.

(c)  Centrosome and Chromosome.

Ans-
i. Centrosome is an organelle present near the nucleus whereas Chromosome is a thread like structure present in the nucleus.

ii. Centrosome initiates cell division in animal cell whereas Chromosome helps in the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parents to the offspring.

iii. Centrosome contain Centrioles. whereas chromosome contains DNA .

(d)  Cell wall and Cell membrane.

Ans-
i. Cell wall is the outer covering of plant cell whereas  Cell membrane is the outer covering of animal cell.

ii. Cell wall is non living whereas Cell membrane is living.

iii. Cell wall is freely permeable whereas Cell membrane is semipermeable.

(e) Plant cell and Animal cell.

Ans-
i. Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose and is present whereas in Animals cell, cell wall is absent .

ii. In plant cell, centrosome is absent whereas In animal cell centrosome is present.

iii. In plant cell plastids are present In animal cell plastids are absent.

(f) Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Ans-
i. In prokaryotic cell the nuclear material is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane whereas In Eukaryotic cell a prominent nucleus membrane covers the nuclear material .

ii. Prokaryotic cell contains single chromosome whereas Eukaryotic cell contains more than one chromosome.

iii. In prokaryotic cell nucleus is absent whereas In Eukaryotic cell nucleus is present.

5. Mention three features found only in plant cells and one found only in animal cells.

Ans-
Plant cells

i.  They have cell wall.
ii.  They have plastids.
iii.  Vacuoles are prominent.

Animal cell

i. Centrosome is present in animal cell.

6. Why are the cells generally of a small size?

Ans- Cells are generally of small size because of the following reasons :-

i. Different regions of a cell can communicate with each other rapidly for the cell to function effectively.

ii. Cell have a large surface area for a greater diffusion of substances in and out of the cell.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the cell theory who propounded it and when

Ans- The cell theory states three main points:-

i. The cell is the smallest unit of structure of all living things.

ii. The cell is the unit of function of all living things.

iii. All cells arise from preexisting cells.

The cell theory was propounded by Schwann and Schleiden in the year 1839.Later Rudolf Virchow also added one statement to it. 

2. Mention any three differences between a living cell and a brick in a wall.

Ans-
i. Cell is living whereaa brick is non living.
ii. Cell shares material with neighbouring cells whereas break doesn't.
iii Cell has a definite lifespan whereas brick doesn't have.

3. Name the plastid and pigment likely to be found in the cells of:-

(a) Petals of sunflower -Chromoplast(Xanthophyll)
(b) Ripe tomato - Chromoplast(Lycopene)
(c) Skin of green mango - Chloroplast (Chlorophyll) -Chloroplast(chlorophyll)
(d) Cells of potato-Leucoplast(No pigment) 

4. State the major functions of the following:-

(a)  Plasma membrane - It is selectively permeable and maintains the internal environment of cell.

(b) Ribosome- They help in protein synthesis.

(c) Lysosome- It protects the body from the bacteria and removes and destroys the old worn out cell organelles.

(d) Mitochondria- It helps in cellular respiration. 

(e) Golgi apparatus- This functions in secretion and formation of cell wall in plant cell .

(f)  Cytoplasm -A number of chemical reactions take place in cytoplasm and they supply energy and also functions in storage of food material .

(g)  Asters of centrosome -They initiate cell division in animal cells.

(h) Chromosomes - They determine the characteristics of an organism and transmits them from one generation to the other.

(i) Glycogen granule

(j) Vacuoles- They provide turgidity in Plant cell and also store food and waste materials.

5. List any six features found both and plant and animal cells.

Ans-
a.  They boat contains cell membrane.
b.  They both contains cytoplasm and nucleus.
c.  They both contain endoplasmic reticulum.
d.  They both contain Golgi bodies.
e.  They both contain mitochondria.
f.  They boat contain ribosomes.


IMPORTANT TERMS

1.Cytology- The branch of Biology which deals with the study of cells and their parts.

2. Organelles -The living components of the cells having definite structure and function.

3. Vesicle-A round or spherical body filled with solution containing materials like proteins for Transport within the cell or extracellular fluid.

4.Enzymes- These are the bio catalyst which alter the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any change.

5. Hormones- The secretion of an exocrine or endocrine gland.

6. ATP - ( adenosine triphosphate) the energy currency of a cell.

7. Genes- These are the hereditary units of a chromosome which are made up of DNA.

8.Vacuoles- These are the certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm .They are filled with water and various substances in solution . They contain a liquid called cell sap.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1.First person to observe the living cell -Anton van leeuwenhoek

2.The  smallest cell- Mycoplasma

3. Bearer of heredity -chromosomes

4. A prokaryotic cell- bacterium

5. The suicide bag of the cell- lysosome 

6.The powerhouse of the cell- mitochondria 

7.The green coloured plastid- chloroplast

8. The plastid which provides yellow colour to the petals- chromoplast

9. The site of protein synthesis- ribosome 

10.The kitchen of the cell- chloroplast

11.The scientist was observed cork cell and coined the term cell -Robert hooke

12. The term Protoplasm was first coined by - Purkinje

State the contributions of following scientists:-

1. Rudolf Virchow-  He added to the cell theory that all cells arise from preexisting cells.

2. Anton van leeuwenhoek- The first microscope was constructed by him.

3.Theodar Schwann - A German zoologist mets discoveries and animals and declared that all animals and plants are composed of cells.

4. Matthias schleiden - A German botanist announced that every plant is made up of a large number of cells.





*****************THE END***************

Thursday, May 21, 2020

ICSE class 8 biology solutions

The Endocrine  System

 

1.Define the following:-

(a)Hormones:-Chemical coordination in living beings is brought about by chemical substances called Hormones.

(b)Endocrine System:-The hormones in our body is produced in some special organs which are called Endocrine glands.

(c)Adolescence:-The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult is called adolescence.

(d)Puberty:-The period of human development that occurs during the teenage years between the end of childhood and starting of adulthood is called puberty.

(e)Stress:-Stress is he feeling of being under too much pressure either mental or emotional.

 

2.Name The Following:-

(a)Five endocrine glands find in the human body?

Ans-The five endocrine glands found in the human body are:-

1)Pituitary gland

2)Thyroid gland

3)Parathyroid gland

4)Adrenal gland

5)Pancreas

(b)Master gland in the human body?

Ans-The pituitary gland is known as the master gland of the body as it regulates the activity  of other  endocrine glands.


 

3.Answer The Following Questions:-

 Qa)Describe two characteristic features of hormones?

Ans-The two characteristic features of the hormones are :-

1)Maintaining a constant environment inside the body.

2)Producing long term changes such as a child’s growth and sexual maturation.

3)Expressing emotions such as fear ,anger ,joy and despair.

Qb)What causes diabetes?

Ans-A diabetic person has a high concentration of sugar in the blood .Diabetes is a condition in which the insulin produced by the pancreas lowers the blood glucose.

Qc)Which gland creates insulin?

Ans-The pancreas is the gland in the human body which secrets insulin.it is present in the abdomen near stomach.The  functions of the pancreas gland are:-

1)Sugar metabolism

2)Lack of insulin cause diabetes

Qd)What happens when thyroid gland secretes less hormone?

Ans-The thyroid gland in our body secrets the hormone called thyroxine.

Insufficient secretion of thyroxine causes the swelling of the thyroid gland called as goiter

Qe)What happens in an adolescent boys body under the influence  of hormones?

Ans-The changes which occurs in a boys body during the period of adolescence are:-

1) They boys develop broader shoulders.

2) body muscles grow more.

3) They begin to develop facial hairs like mustaches and beard.

Qf)What happens in an adolescent girl’s body under influence of hormones?

Ans-The changes that happens in a girls body under the influence of hormones are:-

1)The region below their waist become wider.

2)In girls ,breasts begin to begin to develop at maturity.

Qg)How can you manage stress?

Ans-Some tips to manage stress are as followed:-

1)Avoid caffeine , alcohol and nicotine.

2)Indulge in any physical activities .

3)Get more sleep.

4)Try relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation

5)Talk to your friends.

6)Manage your time.

Qh)Name the disease caused by the failure of the glands to produce insulin?

Ans-The pancreas gland in our body produces the hormone called insulin. If the pancreas gland stops producing insulin ,then the lack of insulin in our body will lead to diabetes.

Qi)What do you mean by Stress management?

Ans-Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and therapies aimed at controlling a person’s level of stress ,usually for the purpose of improving everyday functioning .

Qj)What are the importance of the personal hygiene?

Ans-The importance of personal hygiene are as followed:-

1)It helps us to keep our body strong and healthy.

2)It helps to prevent diseases.

3)It helps us to give a good appearance.

4)It help us to have a better self esteem

5)It not only prevents us from illness but also provides added personal and social benefits.

Qk)What do you mean by endocrine glands?

Ans-Chemical coordination in human body is brought by some chemical elements called as hormones .These hormones are secreted by some special glands called as endocrine glands. There are two types of endocrine glands:-

1)Exocrine glands-the secretions of endocrine glands are sent through ducts directly to the target or specific location.Ex-tear glands

2)Endocrine glands-the secretions of endocrine glands are called as hormones. Which are released directly into the blood for transport to the target organ.

QL)Name the major endocrine glands present in the human body?

Ans-The seven major endocrine glands present  in the human body are:-

1)pituitary gland

2)Thyroid gland

3)Parathyroid gland

4)Adrenal Gland

5)Pancreas

6)Testis

7)Ovaries

 

KEY WORDS

1)Hormones are required in very small quantities .Increase or decrease in the specific quantity of the hormones I very harmful for the organisms.

2)Iodine is required for the production of  thyroxine

3)Insufficient  iodine in our body leads to Goitre .


4)A diabetic person has a high concentration of sugar in the blood.


                                              -------------END-------------


Wednesday, May 20, 2020

ICSE class 8 History solutions


CHAPTER: A PERIOD OF TRANSITION

  keywords

*  Reformation--  It was a religious movement   aimed at purifying Christian religion and ending corrupt practices in the church.


* Renaissance -- Rebirth or Revival of the learning of ancient Greece and Rome .


* Industrial revolution-  Rise of factory system around 1750 resulting in mass production of goods,  first of all in England.

* Imperialism --  The phenomenon of one country completely subjugating  another country politically socially and economically, in the late 18th and 19th century.

 Answer the following questions:-

1.How did Renaissance ,reformation and the new geographical  discoveries lead to the Modern Age?

Ans- The   number of interrelated developments took place in this period  which led the  foundation of the modern world. the disintegration of the feudal systems, a new type of social system begin to emerge in the Europe. Renaissance and Reformation give  different new ideas and achievement in literature religions, politics and  science field. These ideas and  development which marked the beginning of the modern age in Europe.

2.Give reasons why did the Industrial revolutions first begin in England?

Ans- The Industrial Revolution began in England in about 1750. 

*  In this time new invention came faster in England.
* Through  her overseas  trade including trade slaves she had accumulated vast profits  which provide the necessary capital.
* England had acquired colonies which ensured a regular supply of raw materials.
*  After the disappearance of serfdom, people were no longer tied to the land and were free to take to any job they could find.
* England had plenty of Natural Resources such as iron and Coal essential for Industries.
 *England have no problem of transportation and shipping industry

3. Discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society economy and polity.

Ans- The industrial revolutions had profound effect on the society economy and polity. It led to rise of capitalism and imperialism.  this led to acquisition of colonies in Asia and Africa.  many new town and cities rise  in Europe. The center of economic life shifted to cities.  a large  rural population shifted to town and new cities. The crowding of people in towns created many problems like slums ,problems of health and sanitation in the cities.

4. What is imperialism ?  Discuss the factors which gave rise to
 imperialism.

Ans-  The one country completely subjugating and dominating another country  politically, socially and economically is called imperialism.The factor are including in rise up it.

*Need of raw materials
*Sold surplus goods
*Modern means of communication and Transportation
*Rise  of industrial capitalism
* The populations of Europe increase rapidly.


5. Describe the general impact of imperialism with special reference of South Asia.

Ans-  The  imperialism led to development of the infrastructure in  colonies, although the chief aim was  exploitation of  colonies. most of country in Asia were turned into colonies of Europe. The racial economic and political system prevalent in South Asia were backward. the end of imperialism turn into these backward  areas has led to modernization and rise of nationalism in this countries as a reaction against imperialism.

6. Who was Christopher Columbus?

Ans- Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who  discovered of America  in 1492. he traveled through the Atlantic and reached  Cuba in the southern part of North America.

7. Who was  Vasco- da- Gama?

Ans- Vasco- da- Gama was Portuguese Sailor.  In 1498 Vasco -da -Gama  was discovered a new sea route to India.


8.  Who was Ferdinand Magellan?

Ans- Ferdinand Magellan was Portuguese  Navigator .He was convinced the world was round.


9. What major inventions occurred during transition period.?

Ans- The major inventions that occurred during transition period are as follows:-

1*  James Watt was  invented the steam engines in 1769.

2* Hargreaves invented  Spinning jenny.


3*  Cartwright invented the "power loom" in 1785.

4*  Ellie Whitney invented cotton gin
 
5* Richard Roberts invented weaving machine

10. What were the causes for the rise of imperialism ?

Ans- The causes for the rise of imperialism are as follows:-

a. Surplus production
b.  Need for raw materials
c. Development of modern means of transportation and communication.
d.  Pressure of population
e.  Rise of industrial capitalism.


***************THE END***************

ICSE class 8 Biology solutions

Chapter –Transportation of food and minerals in plants


1.Define the following

(a)Osmosis - osmosis is the process by which water molecules moves from a weaker solution to a stronger solution  through a partially permeable membrane.There are basically two types of osmosis—Endosmosis and Exosmosis.

(b)Transpiration- transpiration is the process of loss of water in vapour from the leaves in plants.


(c)Diffusion- diffusion is the movement of particles from a higher concentration  to a low concentration until they are spread out evenly. 
                   
 (d)Root pressure- root pressure is the pressure under which water moves from a living cell of a root into the xylem.


2.Describe the functions of the following:-

(a)Xylem- Xylem tissues are also called as the conducting tissues, their major function is to conduct water and minerals from the roots of the plant to the plant body.


(b)Phloem-  The phloem tissues are also called as the conducting tissues , their major function is the transportation of the food materials synthesized in the leaves to the plant body.


3.Answer the following questions:-


Qa.Name two aspects of transport in higher plants?

Ans-In higher plants there are special tubes called the xylem and phloem ,which comprises of conducting tissues or vascular tissues .It is through these tubes that the transport of materials take place .There are two aspects of transport of substances in higher plants:-

1. Movement of water and minerals- takes place from the roots upward to the other plant parts.This movement takes place through the stem and its branches.

2. Movement of food materials-synthesised in the leaves ,to the other plant parts.

Qb. How does the transport of materials take place in unicellular plants?

Ans-Diffusion is a major method by which the transport of materials occurs in a single celled organisms like chlamydomonas  and simple multicellular organisms like spirogyra.

Qc.What are the root hairs? Mention the functions performed by the root hairs?

Ans-There are certain unicellular microscopic hairs present in the roots these are called as the root hairs .water passes into the root hair by the process of osmosis, there major function is to absorb the water and mineral salts present in the soil.


Qd. How does movement and absorbtion of water take place through the roots?

Ans-The movement and absorbtion of water in the roots takes place through the root hairs.This process is conducted through the osmosis ,(osmosis is aspecial kind of diffusion involving the water molecules)
There are tiny holes in the membrane which allow the small water molecules to pass through them.

Qe.Name the process by which water loss takes place trough the leaves?

Ans-Transpiration Is the process of loss of water in the form of vapour  from the leaves in the plants ,it occurs trough the stomata present in the leaves by the process of diffusion.

Qf.Mention the significance of transpiration?

Ans-The significance of the transpiration is as followed:-

(1) It results in the transport of water and minerals from the soil to the leaves.In the leaves , water forms the raw materials for photosynthesis.

(2)  It produces a cooling effect which helps in preventing hot sunlight from damaging delicate leaves.

Qg. Differentiate between :-

1. Osmosis and transpiration

Ans- Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move from a weaker solutions move to a stronger solution while Transpiration is the process of loss of water in vapour from the leaves in plants.
 Osmosis occurs through a partially permeable membrane in the roots while Transpiration occurs to stomata in the leaves.

2. Micronutrients and macronutrients

Ans- Macronutrients are those nutrients which are required in large quantities while the Micronutrients are those nutrients which are required in trace amounts.

The examples of macronutrients are-carbon, hydrogen ,oxygen .

.The examples of micronutrients are- chlorine, copper and boron.

Qh.What are the factors affecting transpiration?

Ans-The factors affecting the transpiration are:-

1. Intensity of light
2. Temperature
3. Wind
4. Humidity of the atmosphere
5.  Availibility of soil water

Qi.  What are the importance of minerals?

Ans- The importance of minerals are:-

1. Essential for the growth of plants
2. Involved in the nutrition of plants
3. In the absence, either the vegetative or reproductive phase cannot be completed.
4. In the case of deficiency ,disorders may develop, which can only be corrected by the supply of  that mineral. 

  KEY WORDS


1. Diffusion is the method of transport of materials in single celled and simple multicellular plants.

2. In tall plants diffusion is too slow .It cannot move materials quickly enough and in sufficient quantities so conducting tissues  in plants have developed.

3. A plant does not have blood or a heart.

4. Circulation in plants is carried out by a liquid called sap, movement of sap occurs through xylem and phloem  elements.

5. Sap does the same job for plants as blood does for animals.

6. Living root cells produce energy that is used to  help in the take up of water.


           --------------END----------------                     

ICSE class 9 Geography Solutions

Geography 8th class ********************** chapter 1* ************** Geographical Features ********************** **** Q1----Name the ...